Adam Cooman

YZSHGABT
YY→ZY→SY→HY→GY→AY→BY→T
ZZ→YZ→SZ→HZ→GZ→AZ→BZ→T
SS→YS→ZS→HS→GS→AS→BS→T
HH→YH→ZH→SH→GH→AH→BH→T
GG→YG→ZG→SG→HG→AG→BG→T
AA→YA→ZA→SA→HA→GA→BA→T
BB→YB→ZB→SB→HB→GB→AB→T
TT→YT→ZT→ST→HT→GT→AT→B

From S-parameters to Z-parameters

In matrix form, the formula is

Z=K1(IN+S)(INS)1KZ0\mathbf{Z} =K^{-1} \left(I_N + \mathbf{S}\right)\left(I_N - \mathbf{S}\right)^{-1} K Z_0

When dealing with 2 ports, we obtain

Z11=Z1(S11S22S11S22+S12S21+1)S11+S22S11S22+S12S211Z12=2S12Z2k2k1(S11+S22S11S22+S12S211)Z21=2S21Z1k1k2(S11+S22S11S22+S12S211)Z22=Z2(S22S11S11S22+S12S21+1)S11+S22S11S22+S12S211\begin{align*}Z_{11} &=-\frac{Z_{1}\,\left(S_{11}-S_{22}-S_{11}\,S_{22}+S_{12}\,S_{21}+1\right)}{S_{11}+S_{22}-S_{11}\,S_{22}+S_{12}\,S_{21}-1}\\Z_{12} &=-\frac{2\,S_{12}\,Z_{2}\,k_{2}}{k_{1}\,\left(S_{11}+S_{22}-S_{11}\,S_{22}+S_{12}\,S_{21}-1\right)}\\Z_{21} &=-\frac{2\,S_{21}\,Z_{1}\,k_{1}}{k_{2}\,\left(S_{11}+S_{22}-S_{11}\,S_{22}+S_{12}\,S_{21}-1\right)}\\Z_{22} &=-\frac{Z_{2}\,\left(S_{22}-S_{11}-S_{11}\,S_{22}+S_{12}\,S_{21}+1\right)}{S_{11}+S_{22}-S_{11}\,S_{22}+S_{12}\,S_{21}-1}\\\end{align*}

The formulas are obtained with the methods explained here. The MATLAB implementation can be found in circuitconversions on Gitlab.

Definitions

[B1BN]B=S[A1AN]A\underbrace{ \begin{bmatrix}B_1 \\ \vdots \\ B_N \end{bmatrix} }_{\mathbf{B}} = \mathbf{S} \underbrace{ \begin{bmatrix}A_1 \\ \vdots \\ A_N \end{bmatrix} }_{\mathbf{A}}

[V1VN]V=Z[I1IN]I\underbrace{ \begin{bmatrix}V_1 \\ \vdots \\ V_N \end{bmatrix} }_{\mathbf{V}} = \mathbf{Z} \underbrace{ \begin{bmatrix}I_1 \\ \vdots \\ I_N \end{bmatrix} }_{\mathbf{I}}

The incident and reflected waves are defined as

A=K(V+Z0I)B=K(VZ0I)\mathbf{A} = K \left( \mathbf{V} + Z_0 \mathbf{I} \right)\qquad \mathbf{B} = K \left( \mathbf{V} - Z_0 \mathbf{I} \right)

where KK and Z0Z_0 are defined as

K=[k1kN]Z0=[Z0,1Z0,N]K = \begin{bmatrix}k_1 & & \\ & \ddots & \\ & & k_N \end{bmatrix}\qquad Z_0 = \begin{bmatrix}Z_{0,1} & & \\ & \ddots & \\ & & Z_{0,N} \end{bmatrix}

with Z0,iZ_{0,i} the reference impedance for port ii and kik_i defined as

ki=12(Z0,i)ki=α(Z0,i)2Z0,ik_i=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\Re\left( Z_{0,i}\right) }}\qquad k_i=\alpha\frac{\sqrt{\Re\left( Z_{0,i} \right) }}{2\left|Z_{0,i}\right|}

depending on whether you are using power- or pseudowaves.